Although MPs are theoretically free to vote as they wish in
any debate, in practice they are almost always expected to
side with their own party. However, party 'revolts' do
sometimes occur - and these become particularly
important when a Government only has a small majority.
To enforce discipline, each party relies on a small group
of officials (also MPs) called the Whips.
Free votes, where an MP votes according o his or her beliefs or conscience, are held on moral issues such as capital punishment and abortion.
The term 'Whip' was first used in the 18th century, and has its origins in hunting. The Whips' primary task is to ensure that all members of the Parliamentary party are present at critical votes. They are also used extensively by party leaders to gauge the strength of feeling and opinions of backbench MPs.
